JLPT N3 Grammar List

Used to express 'in addition to', 'besides', or 'furthermore' when adding information or making a suggestion.

Express 'while', 'before', or 'during' a certain condition or situation.

Express an action someone tried to do but couldn't; 'tried to', 'attempted to'.

Expresses gratitude or shows a positive result due to a certain factor; 'thanks to', 'because of'.

Expresses the meaning of being in the middle of doing something or of something being partway done.

Expressing uncertainty or a mild wish; 'I wonder', 'maybe'.

Express 'without doing ~' or 'without ~ing'.

Expresses a range of something, such as time or space; 'from...to', 'between'.

In place of; instead of; as a substitute for.

Expresses the idea of 'only', 'since', or 'after'.

Used to express criticism or disapproval; 'even though', 'despite', 'in spite of'.

Expresses an approximate quantity or degree; 'about', 'approximately', or 'to the extent of'.

Express the least one can do; 'at least', 'the least', 'no less than'.

Emphasizes the importance or uniqueness of something or someone; 'precisely', 'exactly', 'it is...', 'of all...'.

Express an action in a nominal (noun-like) form or state fact or experience.

Expresses advice or recommendation; 'should', 'it is important', 'it is necessary'.

Express a personal rule or habit; 'I make it a rule to', 'I always make sure to'.

Describes something that is decided, arranged, or expected.

Indicates that while something may be true or valid, there is another contrasting point.

Expresses that something doesn't need to be done or there's no occasion to do it; 'don't have to', 'not necessary'.

Express the degree or extent of a quality; '-ness', 'degree of'.

Emphasizes a specific item or action; 'even', 'if only', 'as long as'.

Express the idea of 'only', 'no other option but', 'nothing else but'.

Express a negative state or action; 'not at all', 'none whatsoever'.

Express 'without doing' something or 'not doing' something.

Indicates that something or someone caused an unfortunate result.

Requesting someone to allow or let you do something (causative request).

For the purpose of; because of; in order to.

Shows the result or consequence of a previous action or situation; 'as a result', 'in consequence'.

Used to link two or more items; 'and', 'also'.

Presents two alternatives or choices; 'or', 'either...or'.

Emphasizes the scarcity or insufficiency of something; 'only', 'nothing but'.

Expresses a contrast or contradiction; 'but', 'however', 'even though'.

Indicates an action that has just been completed; 'freshly', 'just'.

Express a condition with 'even if'; 'no matter how'.

Expresses the result or outcome of an action; 'after', 'just when', 'upon'.

Express the moment something happens; 'as soon as', 'the moment', 'the instant'.

Express 'every time' or 'whenever'.

Express the reason or cause, often used to justify something.

Express an unintentional action or a regretful action; 'ended up doing', 'did accidentally'.

Do something while or after completing another action; 'while', 'by the way'.

Used to express that one is trying to recall some information.

Expresses fullness or completeness; 'full', 'full of', 'filled with'.

Indicate a state where an action is left as is (unchanged or unfinished).

Summarizing, restating, or clarifying a point: 'in other words', 'that is to say'.

Expressing a past intention or plan; 'was planning to', 'meant to'.

Quote someone's request (telling someone to do something).

Suggest or invite someone to try doing something; 'Why don't you try...'.

Expresses reason or cause; 'because', 'since', 'so'.

Realization or action done for the first time; 'only after', 'not until'.

Express a desire for someone else to do something; 'I want you to do...'.

'Even if', 'even though', or 'although'.

Express a wish or hope; 'it would be nice if', 'I hope that'.

Used for quoting, defining, or giving an example; 'called', 'that is to say', 'like'.

Express a conclusion or hearsay; 'I heard', 'it means', 'it can be said'.

Used to provide an example or characteristic related to the topic; 'when it comes to', 'speaking of'.

Explain or emphasize the reason for a situation or action.

Used to provide an explanation or definition; 'that is to say...', 'by that, I mean...'.

Express a comparison with preference; 'rather than', 'more like', 'instead of'.

Express the meaning 'even though', 'although', 'but'.

Expresses that something is done 'as is', 'as stated', or 'as instructed'.

Express doing something in advance or for future convenience (casual form of ～ておく).

Expresses a contrast or unexpected outcome; 'however', 'but', 'even though'.

Expresses a near miss or a situation that almost happened; 'was just about to', 'almost', 'nearly'.

Used for changing the topic or bringing up a new topic; 'by the way', 'speaking of'.

Express a hypothetical situation; 'if', 'suppose', 'assuming'.

Indicates a role, capacity, or identity; 'as', 'in the capacity of'.

Expresses the extent of something or emphasizes the degree of a condition or situation.

Expresses 'no matter how much' or 'even if'; emphasizes the degree of a situation.

Express the idea that 'it's not that it's impossible' or 'it's not that it cannot be done'.

Express a condition; 'if... not', 'unless', 'must'.

Express a reason or explanation; 'because', 'the reason is'.

Indicates a non-exhaustive list of examples; 'such as', 'things like', 'among others'.

Expresses the idea of 'things like' or 'something like', used for listing examples or downplaying something.

Indicates the place, time, or context where an action or situation takes place.

Expresses 'in place of', 'on behalf of', or 'instead of'.

Express 'for' or 'considering' in the sense of being unusual or unexpected.

Expresses 'even if', 'no matter', 'regardless of'.

Expressing 'about', 'concerning', or 'regarding'.

Express the meaning 'for', 'to', 'from the perspective of'.

Indicates the reason or cause, difference depending on a factor, or methods used.

Means 'according to', 'based on' or 'by'.

Indicates a target or contrast; 'toward', 'against', 'in contrast to', 'in response to'.

Comparing to; in comparison with; as opposed to.

Regarding, concerning, about, with respect to.

Indicates possession, attribution, or connection between two nouns.

Expresses 'only', 'nothing but', 'always', 'just'.

Not only... but also; more than just; not just

Expresses an expectation, 'should' or 'it is supposed to'.

Expresses regret or dissatisfaction; 'if only', 'wish'.

Expresses 'the more ~, the more ~'; a proportional relationship between two phrases.

Used for emphasizing that not only one thing but also another thing is included. It means 'not only... but also' or 'of course... and...'.

Express a sense of regret; 'I wish', 'it would have been better if'.

Pretending or acting as if; 'pretend', 'act like'.

Express an obligation or something that should be done (mainly with verbs).

Expresses the degree or extent; 'about', 'to the extent', 'as much as'.

Used to express a wish or hope for oneself or someone else.

Completely not; not at all.

Express 'until', 'up to', or 'as far as' to indicate the end point of an action or range.

Expresses the state or condition remaining unchanged.

Used to express a strong resemblance or similarity; 'as if', 'just like', 'as though'.

A grammar structure used to express the action of trying or attempting something to see what happens.

Express similarity or appearance; 'like', 'seems', 'looks'.

Used to express that something rarely, hardly ever or seldom happens.

Expresses the rarity of an action, event or state; 'hardly', 'rarely', 'seldom'.

Express the possibility of something; 'maybe', 'perhaps', 'might'.

Express a hypothetical condition, 'if' or 'in case'.

Express a hypothetical situation or assumption with the nuance of 'even if'.

Express a hypothetical condition or situation; 'if', 'in case', 'suppose'.

Not showing any sign or intention to do something.

Expresses the speaker's intention or plan to do something.

Expressing a purpose, a goal or a way of doing something; 'in order to', 'so that', 'like', 'as'

Used to express a purpose, a way, or a natural tendency.

Used to express purpose or how something is done; 'like', 'as if', 'in order to'.

A suggestion to make an effort or try to do something; 'let's try to', 'let's make sure to'.

Express an event or state that became possible; 'became able to', 'started to', 'now can'.

To convey a message, instruction or request to someone; 'to tell (someone) to', 'to say to (someone)'.

Expresses hearsay; 'I heard', 'it seems', 'apparently'.

Express a passive action, 'was/were', 'has/have been'.

Expresses a continuing action or a resulting state; 'is ~ing', 'has been', 'has'.

Expresses that something is impossible or unreasonable; 'there's no way', 'can't be'.

Expresses a logical conclusion or reason based on information; 'that's why', 'no wonder', 'it means'.

Denies a general assumption; 'it does not mean that', 'it's not the case'.

Expresses that something cannot be allowed or permitted due to social/moral obligations.

Expresses contrast between expectation and reality; 'despite', 'considering', 'even though'.

Conveys information heard from someone else; 'I heard', 'They said'.

Used to convey a sense of justification; 'because', 'that's why', 'it's just that'.

Indicates to finish doing something completely.

Expresses inability to completely finish or do something.

Not necessarily; not always.

In the middle of / while doing something.

Express 'never', 'by no means', or 'not at all' when negating a statement.