～ずに (〜zu ni)
JLPT N3
Explanation
Express 'without doing' something or 'not doing' something.
Formation
Verb-ない form (Remove ない) + ずに
Detailed Explanation
The ～ずに grammar point is used to express the meaning of not doing something or doing an action without doing another action first. It is similar to the negative ないで form (～ないで) but ～ずに is considered slightly more formal.
Examples
彼は笑わずに話を聞いていました。
Kare wa warawazu ni hanashi wo kiiteimashita.
He was listening to the story without laughing.
食べずに寝るのは良くないです。
Tabezu ni neru no wa yokunai desu.
It's not good to go to bed without eating.
コーヒーを飲まずに仕事を始めました。
Koohii wo nomazu ni shigoto wo hajimemashita.
I started working without drinking coffee.
誰にも言わずに出かけました。
Dare ni mo iwazu ni dekakemashita.
I went out without telling anyone.
Grammar content sourced from hanabira.org.