JLPT N5 Grammar List

Express the superlative degree; 'the most', 'the best', 'the least'.

Used to express a contrast between two statements. It can be translated as 'but' or 'however'.

Expresses contrast or contradiction between two clauses; 'A, but B', 'A, however B'.

Indicates a decision or suggestion; 'well then', 'in that case', 'so'.

Connect two sentences; 'A, so/in that case, B'

Express a change in situation; 'then', 'in that case', 'so'.

Indicates a contrast or comparison between A and B; 'As for A, ~B'.

Used to express contrast between two statements; 'A, but B', 'A, however B'.

Used to ask which of two alternatives is preferred or to compare two things

Asking which one; 'which', 'A or B'.

Indicates that there is something unique or different about A and describes what is special about it.

Express a comparison between A and B; 'A is more/less than B'.

Used to compare two items; 'B is more ～ than A'.

Used to connect an い-adjective to a verb, modifying the verb (adverbial usage).

Use an い-adjective to express 'to make' or 'to become'.

Change an い-adjective into a polite negative form with ～くないです (or ～くありません).

Used to connect two or more い-adjectives to describe something.

Turn a な-adjective into an adverb by adding に.

Usage of で to connect or add information with a な-adjective.

Expressing a decision or preference with a な-adjective.

Express a change or transformation into a state described by the な-adjective.

Expresses choice or alternatives; 'either', 'or'.

Express the ability to do something.

Express a desire or wanting something; 'I want', 'I would like'.

Expresses a range; 'from...to', 'between...and'.

Express the extent or degree of something; 'about', 'approximately', 'at least'.

Express an approximate amount or degree; 'about', 'approximately'.

Expresses 'around' or 'about' a certain time or age.

Indicates 'only', 'just', or 'merely'.

Indicate a place or means for an action or situation; 'at, in, on', 'using', or 'by means of'.

Express 'with', 'and' or 'together with' when connecting nouns.

Express a specific direction, target or purpose; 'to', 'toward', 'for'.

Express going back or returning to a place: 'to return to', 'to go back to'.

Express a choice or decision; 'choose', 'decide on'.

Expresses change or becoming something; 'to become', 'to turn into', 'to be'.

Used to express coming to a place.

Used to express going to a location.

Expresses the order of events; 'after', 'later than'.

Used to describe a location or position 'in front of' a noun.

Used to mark the topic of a sentence; 'as for', 'speaking of'.

Indicates that the action or state is the same for multiple items or people; 'also', 'as well'.

Lists items or examples but not exhaustively; 'such as', 'like', 'and so on'.

Indicates the direct object of a verb.

Indicates an action that takes place after another action.

Express desire or want to do something; 'I want to', 'I would like to'.

A verb conjugation that connects actions or states.

Express ongoing action or state; 'is doing', 'is doing (continuous)', 'has been doing'.

Express a sequence of actions or events; 'after', 'since', 'once'.

A request or command; 'please do'.

Used to make a polite request for someone not to do something; 'please don't'.

Expresses the action of returning to a previous state, place, or condition.

Expresses the purpose of coming to a place; 'come to (do something)'.

To go (somewhere) in order to do an action.

Making a suggestion or invitation; 'let's' or 'shall we'.

Used to make a polite suggestion or offer help; 'shall we', 'should we', 'do you want me to'.

An invitation or suggestion; 'won't you', 'why don't you', 'shall we'.

Express an action or event as a noun; 'the act of', 'doing'.

Express the potential form, or the ability to do something.

Expresses the potential form; 'can', 'be able to', 'is possible'.

Used to express the purpose or reason in casual speech, or nominalize the verb with の.

Used to express 'before' in a sense of an action must be done before another action or event.

Express 'not very', 'not much', or 'not really' when describing a negative state or situation.

Express 'not really' or 'not very'; used to soften a negative statement.

Indicate possession or existence of inanimate objects; 'there is', 'there are'.

A polite way to ask someone's thoughts, opinions, or preferences; 'how about', 'how is'.

Used to express 'how many' or ask for the number of something.

Indicates an unspecified point in time; 'someday', 'one day', 'at some point'.

Expresses 'anytime', 'always', or 'whenever'.

Expressing 'always' or 'usually' in a sentence.

Expresses the present continuous or ongoing action; 'to be doing', 'currently doing'.

Particle indicating the subject of a sentence or expressing 'but'.

Express a contrast between two sentences; 'but', 'however'.

Expresses reason or cause; 'because', 'since', 'so'.

Express the reason or cause; 'because', 'since', 'due to'.

To receive something or get someone to do something.

Used to express that someone gives a gift or favor to 'me'; 'someone gives me'.

Used to connect two clauses; 'but', 'however', 'although'

Expresses a contrast or contradiction; 'but', 'however', 'even though'.

Refers to a person, place or thing; 'this', 'this one', 'this way', 'here'.

Refers to a short time ago or just now.

Immediately or right away; used to express promptness or quickness.

Used to express 'not at all' or 'completely' in negative sentences.

Used to connect two sentences; 'and then', 'and'.

Indicates a direction or person in moderate distance; 'that way', 'that person'.

Meaning 'after that', 'and then' or 'then', indicating sequence of events.

Expresses 'roughly', 'approximately', or 'almost'.

Used for expressing 'usually', 'mostly', or 'generally'.

Expresses a reason or cause; 'because', 'so', 'therefore'.

Used to list multiple actions or states; 'do things like', 'and'.

Asking 'who' in a sentence, used to inquire about someone's identity or to clarify who is being referred to.

Indicates 'someone' or something done or possessed by 'someone'.

Used to express 'anyone' or 'everyone'; 'no matter who'.

Express 'nobody' or 'no one' in a negative sentence.

Express 'nobody' or 'no one' in negative sentences.

Asking for someone's opinion or decision; 'what will you do?', 'how will you handle it?'.

Asking for opinions or suggestions; 'how about', 'what do you think of'.

Ask 'how' something is done or how to do something.

Asking for the way to say something; 'how do you say'.

Expresses the time when something happens, 'when', 'at the time'.

Used to indicate the frequency of an event; 'sometimes', 'occasionally', 'now and then'.

Express 'where', used with question words for asking about locations.

Expresses 'somewhere', used when the specific location is unknown or uncertain.

Express 'anywhere' or 'everywhere' in Japanese.

Express that an action cannot be performed anywhere or something cannot be found anywhere.

Express 'not anywhere' or 'nowhere' with a negative verb.

Express that an action doesn't take place anywhere; 'nowhere', 'not anywhere'.

Nowhere; Not to any place

Express that something cannot be found anywhere or in any place; 'nowhere', 'in no place'.

Express that 'nowhere' meets the verb action; 'nowhere does/can'.

Used to ask about two choices or options.

A polite way to ask 'who', used for asking about someone's identity or when seeking information about an unknown person.

Expresses 'which'; used to ask about specific items within a group.

Indicates 'any' or 'whichever' when referring to multiple items.

Used to ask or describe 'what kind' or 'what type' of something.

Asking about 'what' or 'which' in Japanese

Indicates 'something' or 'some kind of'.

Used to express 'not any' or 'nothing' in a negative sentence.

Used to express 'not anything', 'nothing'.

Used to form interrogative questions and emphasize the question word for 'what', 'how'.

Asking the reason or cause; 'why', 'how come'.

Means 'any', 'anything', 'anyone'.

Asking how something is called or referred to; 'how do you say'

Used to express giving something to someone; 'give', 'offer'.

To receive something or some action from someone; 'to get', 'to receive'.

Express possession, apposition, or description using 'of' or ''s'.

Express that something is difficult or tough.

Used to express 'almost', 'nearly', or 'most'.

Expresses something as 'so-so', 'not bad', or 'average'.

Indicates something has not yet happened or is still happening; 'still', 'not yet'.

Expresses that something has not happened or been done yet.

Expresses that something has not happened or been done yet (polite form).

Expresses 'already', 'anymore', or 'soon'.

Express an action or event happening soon: 'soon', 'in a short while', 'almost'.

Expresses 'more' or 'even more' when describing a quantity, frequency, or degree.

Often used to express 'doing something well' or 'often'.

Express the existence or presence of something in a place.